Apple (Malus domestica) सेब

Apple (Malus domestica) सेब

                                  Apples are often eaten raw. The proverb "An apple a day keeps the doctor away", addressing the health effects of the fruit, dates from 19th century Wales. Preliminary research suggests that apples may reduce the risk of colon cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. Apple peels contain ursolic acid which, in rat studies, increases skeletal muscle and brown fat, and decreases white fat, obesity, glucose intolerance, and fatty liver disease. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, a typical apple serving weighs 242 grams and contains 126 calories with significant dietary fiber and vitamin C content.
Apple peels are a source of various phytochemicals with unknown nutritional value and possible antioxidant activity in vitro. The predominant phenolic phytochemicals in apples are quercetin, epicatechin, and procyanidin B2.
Apple juice concentrate has been found in mice to increase the production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Other studies have shown an "alleviation of oxidative damage and cognitive decline" in mice after the administration of apple juice. Fruit flies fed an apple extract lived 10% longer than other flies fed a normal diet.

Apples (Raw) Nutritional Values
Carbohydrate Factor: 3.6 Fat Factor: 8.37 Protein Factor: 3.36 Nitrogen to Protein Conversion Factor: 6.25
Refuse: 10%  Core and stem and 13% skin
Nutrient (Proximates)	Unit	With Skin	Without Skin
		1Value per100g
Water	g	85.56	86.67
Energy	kcal	52	48
Protein	g	0.26	0.27
Total lipid (fat)	g	0.17	0.13
Ash	g	0.19	0.17
Carbohydrate, by difference	g	13.81	12.76
Fiber, total dietary	g	2.4	1.3
Sugars, total	g	10.39	10.1
Sucrose	g	2.07	0.82
Glucose (dextrose)	g	2.43	3.25
Fructose	g	5.9	6.03
Starch	g	0.05
Minerals
Calcium, Ca	mg	6	5
Iron, Fe	mg	0.12	0.07
Magnesium, Mg	mg	5	4
Phosphorus, P	mg	11	11
Potassium, K	mg	107	90
Sodium, Na	mg	1	0
Zinc, Zn	mg	0.04	0.05
Copper, Cu	mg	0.027	0.031
Manganese, Mn	mg	0.035	0.038
Selenium, Se	µg	0	0
Fluoride, F	µg	3.3
Vitamins
Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid	mg	4.6	4
Thiamin	mg	0.017	0.019
Riboflavin	mg	0.026	0.028
Niacin	mg	0.091	0.091
Pantothenic acid	mg	0.061	0.071
Vitamin B-6	mg	0.041	0.037
Folate, total	µg	3	0
Folic acid	µg	0	0
Folate, food	µg	3	0
Folate, DFE	µg	3	0
Choline, total	mg	3.4	3.4
Betaine	mg	0.1
Vitamin A, RAE	µg	3	2
Carotene, beta	µg	27	17
Cryptoxanthin, beta	µg	11	13
Vitamin A, IU	IU	54	38
Lutein + zeaxanthin	µg	29	18
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol)	mg	0.18	0.05
Tocopherol, beta	mg		0.01
Vitamin K (phylloquinone)	µg	2.2	0.6
Lipids
Fatty acids, total saturated	g	0.028	0.021
Fatty acids, total monounsaturated	g	0.007	0.005
Fatty acids, total polyunsaturated	g	0.051	0.037
Cholesterol	mg	0	0
Phytosterols	mg	12
Amino Acids
Tryptophan	g	0.001	0.001
Threonine	g	0.006	0.006
Isoleucine	g	0.006	0.006
Leucine	g	0.013	0.014
Lysine	g	0.012	0.013
Methionine	g	0.001	0.001
Cystine	g	0.001	0.001
Phenylalanine	g	0.006	0.007
Tyrosine	g	0.001	0.001
Valine	g	0.012	0.012
Arginine	g	0.006	0.006
Histidine	g	0.005	0.005
Alanine	g	0.011	0.012
Aspartic acid	g	0.07	0.074
Glutamic acid	g	0.025	0.026
Glycine	g	0.009	0.009
Proline	g	0.006	0.006
Serine	g	0.01	0.011

                 The whole fruit including the skin is suitable for human consumption except for the seeds, which may affect some consumers. One form of apple allergy, often found in northern Europe, is called birch-apple syndrome, and is found in people who are also allergic to birch pollen. Allergic reactions are triggered by a protein in apples that is similar to birch pollen, and people affected by this protein can also develop allergies to other fruits, nuts, and vegetables. Reactions, which entail oral allergy syndrome (OAS), generally involve itching and inflammation of the mouth and throat.

Different Verities of Apple:

Yellow Transparent Apple

Sampion Apple

Red Delicious Apple Nutritional Values

Pink Lady Apple

Pacific Rose Apple

Macintosh Apple

Lobo Apple

Jonagold Apple

Granny Smith Apple  Nutritional Values

Golden Reinette Apple

Golden Delicious Apple Nutritional Values

Gala Apple Nutitional Values

Fuji Apple Nutritional Values

Bramley Apple

Arkansas Black Apple

Ananas Reinette Apple